1. Kukalamba mtundu wa zipangizo polima
Zida za polima pokonza, kusungirako ndi kugwiritsa ntchito, chifukwa cha zochitika zonse za mkati ndi kunja, katundu wake amawonongeka pang'onopang'ono, kotero kuti kutaya komaliza kwa mtengo wogwiritsira ntchito, chodabwitsa ichi ndi kukalamba kwa zipangizo za polima.
Izi sizimangowononga zinthu zokha, komanso zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ngozi zambiri chifukwa cha kulephera kwake kugwira ntchito, komanso kuwonongeka kwa zinthu zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi ukalamba zimathanso kuipitsa chilengedwe.
Chifukwa cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya polima komanso mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana yogwiritsiridwa ntchito, pali zochitika zosiyanasiyana zakukalamba ndi mawonekedwe.Nthawi zambiri, kukalamba kwa zinthu za polima kumatha kugawidwa m'mitundu inayi yosintha:
Kusintha kwa maonekedwe
Pali madontho, zipsera, mizere ya siliva, ming'alu, chisanu, ufa, tsitsi, kupindika, diso la nsomba, makwinya, kuchepa, kuyaka, kupotoza kwa kuwala ndi kusintha kwa mtundu wa kuwala.
Kusintha kwa zinthu zakuthupi
Kuphatikiza solubility, kutupa, rheological katundu ndi kuzizira kukana, kutentha kukana, permeability madzi, permeability mpweya ndi zina za kusintha.
Kusintha kwazinthu zamakina
Mphamvu yolimba, mphamvu yopindika, mphamvu yakumeta ubweya, mphamvu yamphamvu, kutalika kwachibale, kupumula kupsinjika, etc.
Kusintha kwamagetsi
Monga kukana kwapamtunda, kukana kwa voliyumu, kusinthasintha kwa dielectric, kusintha kwamphamvu kwamagetsi owonongeka.
2. Zomwe zimayambitsa kukalamba kwa zinthu za polima
Chifukwa polima polima processing ndondomeko ntchito, adzakhudzidwa ndi kutentha, mpweya, madzi, kuwala, tizilombo ndi zinthu zachilengedwe monga mankhwala sing'anga kuphatikiza ake mankhwala zikuchokera ndi kapangidwe akhoza kupanga angapo kusintha, lolingana zoipa thupi katundu, monga monga tsitsi lolimba, lopunduka, lokhazikika, losinthika, kutaya mphamvu ndi zina zotero, kusintha kumeneku ndi chodabwitsa chimatchedwa kukalamba.
High polima pansi pa zochita za kutentha kapena kuwala adzapanga mamolekyu okondwa, pamene mphamvu ndi mkulu mokwanira, unyolo maselo adzasweka kupanga free ankafuna kusintha zinthu mopitirira, free ankafuna kusintha zinthu mopitirira akhoza kupanga unyolo anachita mkati polima, kupitiriza chifukwa kuwonongeka, zingayambitsenso. kulumikiza.
Ngati mpweya kapena ozoni ilipo m'chilengedwe, machitidwe angapo a okosijeni amatha kupangitsidwa kupanga ma hydroperoxides (ROOH), omwe amatha kuwolanso kukhala magulu a carbonyl.
Ngati pali zotsalira zitsulo zitsulo ayoni polima, kapena ayoni zitsulo monga mkuwa, chitsulo, manganese ndi cobalt anadzetsa polima pa processing ndi ntchito, makutidwe ndi okosijeni kudzitsitsa anachita polima adzakhala imathandizira.
3. Njira zotsutsana ndi ukalamba wa zipangizo za polima
Pakalipano, njira zazikulu zowonjezera ndi kupititsa patsogolo zotsutsana ndi ukalamba za zipangizo za polima ndi izi:
Kukalamba kwa zipangizo za polima, makamaka ukalamba wa photooxygen, umayamba kuchokera pamwamba pa zinthu kapena mankhwala, kuwonetseredwa ngati kusinthika, ufa, kusweka, kuchepa kwa gloss, kenako pang'onopang'ono mpaka mkati.
Zogulitsa zoonda zimatha kulephera kale kuposa zinthu zokhuthala, kotero moyo wautumiki wazogulitsa ukhoza kukulitsidwa ndi zinthu zokhuthala.
Pakuti zosavuta okalamba mankhwala, akhoza TACHIMATA pamwamba kapena wokutidwa ndi wosanjikiza wabwino nyengo kukana ❖ kuyanika, kapena mu wosanjikiza wakunja wa mankhwala gulu wosanjikiza wabwino nyengo kukana chuma, kuti pamwamba pa mankhwala Ufumuyo wosanjikiza. chitetezo chosanjikiza, kuti muchedwetse ukalamba.
Pogwiritsa ntchito kaphatikizidwe kapena kukonzekera, zipangizo zambiri zimakhalanso ndi vuto la ukalamba.Mwachitsanzo, zotsatira za kutentha mu polymerization ndondomeko, matenthedwe mpweya kukalamba mu ndondomeko processing ndi zina zotero.Chifukwa chake, mphamvu ya okosijeni imatha kuchepetsedwa powonjezera zida za deoxygenation kapena zida zopukutira mu polymerization kapena processing process.
Komabe, njirayi imatha kutsimikizira kuti zinthuzo zikugwira ntchito mufakitale, ndipo njirayi imatha kukhazikitsidwa kuchokera ku gwero la kukonzekera kwazinthu, osatha kuthana ndi vuto lake lokalamba pokonzanso ndikugwiritsa ntchito.
Pali magulu omwe ndi osavuta kukalamba m'mapangidwe a maselo azinthu zambiri za polima, kotero kupyolera mu mapangidwe a maselo azinthu, m'malo mwa magulu omwe sali ophweka kukalamba ndi magulu omwe ali osavuta kukalamba nthawi zambiri amatha kuchita bwino.
Kapena kuyambitsidwa kwa magulu ogwira ntchito kapena zomanga zomwe zimatsutsana ndi ukalamba pa unyolo wa polima molekyulu mwa kulumikiza kapena njira ya copolymerization, kupatsa zinthuzo palokha ndi ntchito yabwino yotsutsa kukalamba, ndi njira yomwe nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ofufuza, koma mtengo wake ndi wokwera. ndipo sichingakwaniritse kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kwakukulu.
Pakalipano, njira yothandiza komanso yodziwika bwino yowonjezeretsa kukana kukalamba kwa zipangizo za polima ndikuwonjezera zowonjezera zotsutsana ndi ukalamba, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri chifukwa cha mtengo wake wotsika ndipo palibe chifukwa chosinthira njira yomwe ilipo.Pali njira ziwiri zowonjezerera zoletsa kukalamba:
Kuwonjezera kwachindunji kwa zowonjezera: zowonjezera zotsutsana ndi ukalamba (ufa kapena madzi) ndi utomoni ndi zipangizo zina zowonongeka zimasakanizidwa mwachindunji ndi kugwedezeka pambuyo pa extrusion granulation kapena jekeseni akamaumba, etc. mafakitale opangira jekeseni.
Njira yowonjezera ya anti-aging masterbatch: Mwa opanga omwe ali ndi zofunikira zapamwamba zamtundu wazinthu ndi kukhazikika kwabwino, ndizofala kwambiri kuwonjezera anti-aging masterbatch popanga.
Anti-aging masterbatch ndi oyenera utomoni monga chonyamulira, wothira zosiyanasiyana zothandiza odana ndi ukalamba zina, ndiye kudzera mapasa-screw extruder co-extrusion granulation, ntchito ubwino wagona odana ndi ukalamba zina pokonzekera masterbatch zida zoyamba. omwazikana, kotero mochedwa mu ndondomeko ya zinthu processing, odana ndi ukalamba wothandizila kupeza yachiwiri kubalalitsidwa, Kukwaniritsa cholinga cha kubalalitsidwa yunifolomu wa othandizira mu polima zinthu masanjidwewo, osati kuonetsetsa khalidwe la bata mankhwala, komanso kupewa. kuipitsidwa kwa fumbi panthawi yopanga, kupangitsa kuti kupanga kukhale kobiriwira komanso kuteteza chilengedwe.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-17-2022